Metal plate gasket

ABSTRACT

A metal gasket assembly has a gasket plate and an annular grommet. The gasket plate is formed with an opening having opposing surfaces adjacent the opening to define a predetermined fixed thickness of a plate. The annular grommet has an elastically deformable U-shaped body. The U-shaped body has legs presenting outer sealing surfaces defining an initial undeformed thickness that is greater than the thickness of the gasket plate. The opening formed in the gasket plate receives the grommet. A compressive force applied in a generally perpendicular direction to the opposing surfaces of the gasket plate deform the legs of the body to a reduced thickness corresponding substantially to the thickness of the gasket plate. When the compressive force is reduced with changes in operating conditions, the legs of the grommet return toward their original undeformed thickness to maintain a seal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] This invention relates generally to metal plate gaskets for usein heavy duty diesel engine applications, and more particularly to thesealing of the combustion chambers of such engines.

[0003] 2. Related Art

[0004] Metal plate gaskets of conventional construction for use insealing a cylinder head to a block of a heavy duty diesel engine includea solid metal plate formed with a plurality of openings corresponding tovarious fluid passages communicating between the head and block. Atleast one of the openings is a combustion opening which surrounds apiston cylinder of the block. A fire ring of copper or the like is setin the plate opening and is crushed to the thickness of the plate as thehead is bolted to the block. The fire ring serves to seal the combustionopening against leakage. The plate serves to limit the plasticdeformation of the fire ring. One drawback to such fire rings is thatthey do not recover their shape of the load is removed or decreased.During operation of the engine, the load applied between the head andblock varies depending upon the stroke cycle and operating temperature,presenting an opportunity for the head or block to draw away from thefire ring and thus decreasing the sealing effectiveness of such rings.

[0005] Other metal plate gasket constructions utilize a conventional,plastically deformable fire ring wrapped in a metal armoring of steel.The steel armor thus relies on the strength and plastic deformationproperties of the fire crush ring core to achieve sealing, and thusshares the same deficiencies as the fire ring described previously.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] A metal gasket assembly according to the invention comprises ametal gasket plate formed with an opening and having opposing surfacesadjacent the opening to define a predetermined fixed thickness of aplate. An annular grommet is formed separately from the gasket platefrom a heat treatable metal so as to be elastically deformable afterheat treatment. The grommet has a generally U-shaped body in crosssection defining a pair of legs. The legs have outer sealing surfacesspaced a predetermined distance apart to define an initial undeformedthickness that is greater than the thickness of the gasket plate. Theopening formed in the gasket plate receives the annular grommet. In use,a compressive force is applied in a generally perpendicular direction tothe opposing surfaces of the gasket plate to elastically deform the legsof the body to a reduced thickness corresponding substantially to thethickness of the gasket plate. When the compressive force is released,the legs of the annular grommet return substantially to their originalundeformed thickness.

[0007] One advantage of the present invention is that the elasticallydeformable gasket is able to flex with changing load conditions so as tomaintain a high integrity seal between a head and block of an engine. Asthe compressed air/fuel mix burns, its pressure has the tendency to liftthe head away from the block, thus lessening the load on the grommet.The grommet responds to such changing conditions by expanding axiallyunder the decreasing load toward recovery of its elastic deformation. Asthe cycle continues, the grommet is again reloaded and compressedelastically to maintain uniform sealing.

[0008] Another advantage of the present invention is that the grommetsare made out of less costly material than conventional copper fire ringsand may be simply constructed from sheet stock material by suitablestamping and punching operations.

[0009] Still another advantage of the present invention is that theelastically deformable grommets may be re-used since they recover theirshape on unloading and return to an elastically compressed state uponre-loading.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] These and other features and advantages of the present inventionwill become more readily appreciated when considered in connection withthe following detailed description and appended drawings, wherein:

[0011]FIG. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a metal gasket assemblyconstructed according to a presently preferred embodiment of theinvention;

[0012]FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary cross sectional view takengenerally along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1 showing the gasket assembly in anuncompressed state; and

[0013]FIG. 3 is a view like FIG. 2 but showing the gasket assemblycompressed between a head and block of an engine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0014] A metal gasket assembly 10, as shown in FIG. 1, has a gasketplate 12 and a grommet 14. The gasket plate 12 has an opening 16 and afixed thickness A of the gasket plate 12. The grommet 14 is generallyU-shaped in cross section with a pair of legs 18, 20 having a portiondefining an undeformed thickness B being generally greater than thethickness A of the gasket plate 12. The grommet 14 is received in theopening 16 of the gasket plate 12. In use, the legs 18, 20 of thegrommet 14 are deformed by a compressive force such that the legs 18, 20deform generally to the thickness A of the gasket plate 12 whileremaining in a purely elastic state.

[0015] The gasket plate 12, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, ispreferably stamped or forged from a generally incompressible material,preferably steel. The opening 16 formed in the gasket plate 12 has apredetermined diameter X and thickness A, where the thickness A isdefined by the opposing sides 22, 24 adjacent the opening 16 of thegasket plate 12. Any number of openings 16 can be formed in the gasketplate 12 depending on the number of grommets 14 required in theparticular application.

[0016] The grommet 14, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, is formedseparately from the gasket plate 12 and from a ferrous, preferablymedium to high carbon sheet of metal. The sheet of metal is stamped in apre-heat treated condition to form an annular body 26 being generallyU-shaped in cross section taken along a plane running along an axis 28of the grommet 14. The legs 18, 20 extend outwardly from the axis 28 andpreferably diverge from an arcuate portion 30 of the U-shaped body 26and extend to form end portions 32, 33. The opposing external sides 26of the legs 18, 20 form a convex surface 34 and an inner portion forms aconcave surface 36. Generally at the end portions 32, 33, the opposingexternal sides 26 of the legs 18, 20 are spaced a predetermined distanceapart corresponding to and greater than the initial thickness A of thegasket plate 12. The concave surface 36 of the grommet 14 defines aspace 38 that is free from any compression limiting materials such thatthe legs 18, 20 are unsupported and free to deform upon application of acompressive force.

[0017] Upon forming the grommet 14 into its finished shape in a non-heattreated condition, the grommet 14 is heat treated, preferably using anaustempered heat treat cycle providing for a bainitic microstructure.The heat treating cycle imparts strength and resilience to the grommet14 so that the grommet 14 remains fully elastic throughout thecompression range, while in use. Therefore, upon removal of thecompressive force from the grommet 14, the grommet 14 returns to itsinitial undeformed thickness B. Upon heat treating the grommet 14, aseal coating such as NBR or PTFE material or the like, is applied to thebody 26 of the grommet 14 to at least cover the convex surface 34 of thebody 26 to provide a sealing surface 40 on the body 26 of the grommet14.

[0018] After forming, heat treating and coating the grommet 14, thegrommet 14 is disposed in the opening 16 of the gasket plate 12. Thegrommet 14 is preferably spaced radially from the wall of the opening 16in which it is installed to provide an annular gap or space 42. Thespace 42 reduces heat transfer between the grommet 14 and the gasketplate 12 and provides room for the grommet 14 to expand when heated.

[0019] In use, as best shown in FIG. 3, the gasket assembly 10 is placedbetween a cylinder head 44 and an engine block 46 with the grommet 14surrounding a combustion cylinder 48 of the engine block 46. The head 44is bolted to the block 46, thus causing the legs 18, 20 of the grommet14 to be deformed by a compressive force until the head 44 and the block46 of the engine are separated by the thickness Y of the gasket plate 12to seal the combustion cylinder 48. When the legs 18, 20 of the grommet14 are deformed to the thickness Y of the gasket plate 12, they remainin an elastic state so that when the head 44 is removed from the block46 of the engine, the legs 18, 20 return generally to their initialundeformed thickness X. Under changing load conditions, the gasket 14maintains a seal about the combustion cylinder 48.

[0020] When the legs 18, 20 of the grommet 14 are compressed between thehead 44 and the block 46 of the engine, the coating on the legs 18, 20of the grommet 14 creates a seal between the grommet 14, the head 44 andthe block 46 of the engine. The seal generated between the head 44 andblock 46 is fostered by the legs 18, 20 being biased against the head 44and block 46 by the force created as a result of the legs 18, 20remaining in an elastic state. The seal is dynamic in that it ismaintained with changing compressive loads on the gasket.

[0021] Obviously, many modifications and variation of the presentinvention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is,therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appendedclaims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specificallydescribed. The invention is defined by the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A metal gasket assembly, comprising: a gasketplate formed with an opening and including opposite surfaces adjacentsaid opening defining a predetermined fixed thickness of said plate; andan annular grommet formed separately from said plate and having an axis,said grommet being received in said opening of said plate and having agenerally U-shaped cross section defining a pair of axially spaced legsof said grommet, said legs having outer sealing surfaces spaced apredetermined distance apart when in an undeformed state correspondingto an initial thickness of said grommet, said initial thickness of saidgrommet being relatively greater than said fixed thickness of saidplate, and said grommet being fabricated of an elastically deformablemetal material imparting sufficient strength and resiliency to saidgrommet to enable said legs of said grommet to be elastically deformedin response to application of a compressive load to a reduced thicknesscorresponding substantially to said thickness of said plate andreturning substantially to said initial thickness of said grommet inresponse to removal of said compressive load.
 2. A metal gasket assemblyas claimed in claim 1 further comprising a coating on said body of saidgrommet.
 3. A metal gasket assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein saidgrommet has an austempered microstructure.
 4. A metal gasket assembly asclaimed in claim 1 wherein one of said pair of legs is longer than theother leg.
 5. A metal gasket assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein saidpair of legs have free ends and said free ends are radially spaced fromsaid opening in said gasket plate.
 6. A metal gasket assembly as claimedin claim 1 wherein said legs have an inner surface, said inner surfacedefining a space wherein said space is free from any compressionlimiting material.
 7. A metal gasket assembly as claimed in claim 6wherein said space is free from any material.
 8. A metal gasket assemblyas claimed in claim 1 wherein said gasket plate provides the solesupport for limiting compression of said legs of said grommet.
 9. Ametal gasket assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein said legs have aninner surface, said inner surface being unsupported.
 10. A method ofmanufacturing a metal gasket assembly, comprising: forming an annulargrommet having a generally U-shaped cross-section defining a pair ofaxially spaced legs having outer axially opposite sealing surfacesspaced a predetermined distance apart when in an undeformed statecorresponding to an initial thickness of the grommet which is greaterthan the thickness of the plate; installing the grommet in the openingof the plate; and wherein the grommet is fabricated of a heat-treatableferrous-based metal material and is formed to the annular, U-shapedcross-sectional configuration when the grommet material is in arelatively soft, plastically deformable pre-heated condition, and whereafter forming, the grommet is subjected to a heat treatment to impartelasticity and strength properties to the grommet enabling the legs ofthe grommet to be compressed elastically under an axial compression loadto a reduced thickness corresponding substantially to the thickness ofthe plate and to return to the initial thickness upon removal of thecompressive load.
 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the heat treatmentstep has an austemper heat treat cycle.
 12. The method of claim 10wherein the pair of legs are formed such that one of the legs is formedlonger than the other leg.
 13. The method of claim 10 further comprisingapplying a coating to the grommet after the heat treatment step.